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Scientists have been successful in the areas of cloning before, but a breakthrough in 2013 is helping the area of stem cell usage. There is much controversy over the use of stem cells, but this new technology may help lessen that. Using a technique called â€Å"somatic cell nuclear transfer,† researchers cloned a human embryo. Within an embryo are embryonic stem cells, which are unique because of their never-ending list of uses. Stem cells are a crucial part of many new medical research projects because they can be manipulated into producing any type of bodily cell, including more stem cells. With the use of stem cells, scientists may be able to produce organs, create vaccines, and possibly find cures for many diseases. Cloning has been a goal of scientists and researchers for decades. In 1996, the first mammal was successfully cloned: a sheep named Dolly. Then, in 2007, researchers at the Oregon National Primate Research Center cloned the embryos of primates. The goal of embryonic cloning is to extract embryonic stem cells, which are desirable because of their wide variety of uses in research. Embryonic stem cells are rare because they are found only in a four or five day-old embryo. In 2013, researchers achieved an astonishing breakthrough by cloning a human embryo and thus, were able to extract embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough is crucial to the development of stem cell research, since it is a way for stem cells to be used without harming a living human embryo. While there are other alternatives to retrieve stem cells, including the reprogramming of an adult stem cell to create an induced pluripotent stem cell, such technologies have not yet been perfected. In May of 2013, an 8-month-old baby with a genetic disease was brou... ...oping stages, there are no major vendors or customers. In the future, once laboratories perfect treatments using stem cells, they will be the vendors to the hospitals hoping to use those technologies to treat patients and save lives. I believe the use of stem cells will have a positive impact on our society. We are always looking for ways to cure any diseases that affect our everyday lives, from cancer to diabetes. With the use of stem cells, we could see a cure for these diseases in the future and millions will benefit. The cloning of embryos to extract embryonic stem cells is an amazing breakthrough for scientists worldwide. The possibilities for stem cell use are endless and cloning is a new way to achieve them. Potential problems may include further ethics debates and a possible shortage of donor eggs, but I believe scientists will overcome these obstacles.

What Is the International Business Environment?

1What is the international business environment? ?†¢ Globalisation – what is globalisation 0o is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world †¦ brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders. Stiglitz, 2002) 0o Globalisation is being brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders resulting in the closer integration of the countries and people of the world ? †¢ TNCs – what is TNCs, why TNCs 0o Transnational corporations (TNCs) are incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprising parent enterprises and their foreign affiliates.A parent enterprise is defined as an enterprise that controls assets of other entities in countries other than its home country, usually by owning a certain equity capital stake. An equity capital stake of 10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting power for an incorporated enterprise, or its equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise, is normally considered as the threshold for the control of assets. In some countries, an equity stake of other than 10% is still used. United Nations Center of Transnational Corporations, 1990) 0o They consider, that there are three important characteristics that distinguish the transnational organization from its multinational, international and global counterparts: 1) It builds and legitimizes multiple diverse internal perspectives. In multinational companies key decisions are as a rule made by a country management group. In global companies managers in worldwide product divisions are typically the most influential.In international companies, functional management groups often dominate. On the contrary, in transnational companies the influence of the three management groups is balanced. (Christopher A. Bartlett, 2003) 0o The impact of TNC activity on the environment is extensive. TNC importance stems from their vast corporate networks and technological resources and the international consequences of their decision-making. More than 50 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions are in the province of TNCs.TNCs invest more than US$225 billion each year outside their home countries, and 95 per cent of these investments come from firms based in industrialized countries. Seventy per cent of world trade involves TNCs, who also hold 90 per cent of all technology and product patents. Every major natural resource extraction and processing industry involves TNCs. The environmental impacts of TNCs extend to the service sector (product advertising) and the financial services sector (investment loans). (Gleckman, 1995)

Asthma Issues - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1217 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Asthma Essay Did you like this example? Asthma is one of the most problematic pulmonary diseases in the world. Asthma affect 8.5% of children in America. Medical professionals who treat asthma knows that treatment varies for each patient. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Asthma Issues" essay for you Create order There are some patients who makes a full recovery of the pulmonary disease and live their lives like a normal person. However, there are some patients who have to live their life with asthma who have reoccurring asthma attack. There are also people who develop worse pulmonary diseases that can potentially kill the patient. The reason why I chose to write my paper on asthma is because I have asthma. I have been in and out of the hospital because of asthma during my childhood. Asthma is also what inspired me to go through my career path. The people who helped me with my asthma is Respiratory Therapist. They were the people who helped treat me for my asthma so, I want to become a Respiratory Therapist so that I can help treat patients that have pulmonary diseases such as asthma. What is asthma? Asthma is a hereditary pulmonary disease in which a persons airway become inflamed, narrow and swelled. This then created mucus in the airway which causes difficulty in breathing. Asthma usually begins in infancy and the severity levels then develop during the patients life. Asthma is more common in boys at a young age but if it is adolescence it is more common in girls. Early physicians have recognized this problematic disease so the start of research about asthma began. Asthma has been around for centuries. The earliest recording of asthma was dated back in 2600 B.C. in China. The recorded diagnosis was noisy breathing. Fast forward to 400 B.C., the honorable Hippocrates, the father of western medicine, was the first to use the term asthma. (History of Asthma) Since the early centurys asthma has been studied to try to help cure and to find out why does this disease persist any children, adults, and the elderly and physicians needed to find an answer or a better und erstanding of the disease so they can predict and treat the disease. There has been many studies and research on asthma to see the likelihood of a patient to contract the pulmonary disease. One study that focus solely on asthma was the Tucson Childrens Respiratory which studied the first 6 years of asthmatic patient life. In the article, Pediatric Asthma: Natural History, Assessment and Treatment, Ronit Herzog and Susanna Cunningham talk about a study that the Tuscan Children Respiratory conducted on asthma. In their study it showed that asthma is more common in minorities than the majority. Statistics show that asthma is more common in poor rural communities than higher income communities due to pollution and other low-income problems. In the study, they found that 51 percent of the children had never wheezed before, 20 percent of the children wheezing only occurred in a short amount of time (3 years average). 15 percent of the children however, developed asthma later in their ch ildhood. 14 percent of the children developed asthma during the first 3 years of their life and it persisted over 6 years. This data showed that 1/3 of the children had wheezing age 3 or lower and still had symptoms of asthma at the age of 6. 60 percent of the children of the children stopped wheezing by the age of 6. The data displayed 40 percent of the children that they studied had developed asthma and it persisted past the age of 6. This is a problem because asthma as patients get older, they still have to deal with symptoms pertains to asthma. The data also showed that the rate of people developing asthma is getting higher. In 2016, over 8.3 percent of people, young and old, in the United States had developed asthma. That means over 27 million people in the United States have asthma. (cdc.gov) People with asthma has to be careful because there are a lot of triggers that can cause an asthma attack. Some of the triggers include pets, allergens such as dust and pollen, or even laughing too hard. These are huge risk factors that asthmatic patients have to deal with every day. In the article, Types, frequency and impact of asthma triggers on patients lives: a quantitative study in five European countries, Emma elder and her colleagues all did a study on the amount of triggers that people with asthma have to face. They did a questionnaire on a group of participant who had asthma who were from Germany, France, Spain, Italy and the UK. In the questionnaire, participants had to answer whether or not if they experience any trigger that were associated with asthma. They were also asked about how well they control their asthma during the day and night. The results of the survey showed that 85% of the participants had experience asthma triggers during the day and 79% of the participant s showed asthma symptoms during the night during the last 7 days of that week. These percentages show how much that asthma have an effect on people every day. The data also showed the percentages of what type of triggers causes asthma symptoms. The results showed that 72% people were effected by dust; the data showed that 69% of the people indicated that cold and flu infections were a factor; 43% of the people indicated that emotion such as laughter or sadness also was a trigger. There are many different triggers that can be effect people. People can try to avoid it; however there are some triggers that is present in their own home. In the article, Perceived Triggers of Asthma: Key to Symptom Perception and Management, Thomas Ritz conducted a study on asthma triggers and where they are produced. One trigger that Ritz touch on is that household pets are a trigger to relatively to people of a lower age. Exercise is also is a trigger to people who are overweight or obese. The emotional trigger of asthma is associated to people who has severe asthma. One negative aspect of emotional trigger is that it may cause the likelihood of depression or anxiety. As stated, about 8.3 percent of the American population have developed asthma and is currently living with the symptoms of asthma. However, sometime the patient cant fully control the symptoms of asthma and it becomes severe enough for complication; this may ultimately result in death. The mortality rate of asthma have been persistent each year due to pollution and weather intensity. In 2016, the estimated number of people who died from asthma in the world was 420,000. (globalasthmareport.org) this number showed that there are still complications that are unpredictable and difficult to control. In the article, Asthma-related deaths, Antonio Molino and his colleague did research on the mortality rate of asthma. Molino stated that over 250,000 people die each year due to asthma. Molino then touch on the risk factors that may cause the death by asthma. One of the risk factors is Near Fatal Asthma. Molino states that N.F.A is one of the most severe complications of asthma. It is caused by carbon dioxide tension greater than 55mmHG. What leads to death from N.F.A is cardiac arrhythmias and asphyxia; this leads to complications of invasive mechanical ventilation which is needed to help control patients breathing. (Asthma-related deaths) Asthma is a problematic respiratory disease; however there are steps and method for treating asthma.